Bower

介绍

Bower 是一个针对Web开发的包管理器。该工具主要用来帮助用户轻松安装CSS、JavaScript、图像等相关包，并管理这些包之间的依赖。

功能有些类似于Composer。Bower既可以管理基于本地资源的包，也可以管理基于git系统的包。 在Bower中，可以通过 component.json文件来定义包的名称、版本、代码中的主要元素、版本之间的依赖关系等。

安装

Bower 是一个命令行工具。通过npm安装

$ npm install -g bower

命令

cache (管理bower缓存)

$ bower cache <command> [<args>]

help (显示Bower命令的帮助信息)

$ bower help <command>

home (通过浏览器打开一个包的github发布页)

$ bower home
$ bower home <package>
$ bower home <package>#<version>

如果不带<package>, 则打开本地版本的主页

info (查看包的信息)

$ bower info <package>
$ bower info <package> [<property>]
$ bower info <package>#<version> [<property>]

init (创建bower.json文件)

bower init

install (安装包到项目)

$ bower install [<options>]
$ bower install <endpoint> [<endpoint> ..] [<options>]

可以采用多种方式安装:

• <package>
• <package>#<version>
• <name>=<package>#<version>

方式参数说明:

• <package> 可以是package URL, 物理地址或者注册名
• <version> 有效的版本号、commit、branch等等
• <name> 本地包的命名

package can be:

Method	examples
Registered package name	jquery normalize.css
Git endpoint	https://github.com/user/package.git git@github.com:user/package.git
Git endpoint without .git	git+https://github.com/user/package git+ssh://git@github.com/user/package
Local folder	my/local/folder/
Public Subversion endpoint	jquery svn+http://package.googlecode.com/svn/
Private Subversion endpoint	svn+ssh://package.googlecode.com/svn/ svn+https://package.googlecode.com/svn/
Shorthand (defaults to GitHub)	user/package
URL	http://example.com/script.js http://example.com/style.css http://example.com/package.zip(contents will be extracted) http://example.com/package.tar(contents will be extracted)
Registered package name	jquery normalize.css
Registered package name	jquery normalize.css
Registered package name	jquery normalize.css

version can be:

#	example
semver version	#1.2.3
version range	#1.2 #~1.2.3 #^1.2.3 #>=1.2.3 <2.0
Git tag	#<tag>
Git commit SHA	#<branch>
Subversion revision	#<revision>

install options

• -F, --force-latest: Force latest version on conflict
• -p, --production: Do not install project devDependencies
• -S, --save: Save installed packages into the project’s bower.json dependencies
• -D, --save-dev: Save installed packages into the project’s bower.json devDependencies
• -E, --save-exact: Configure installed packages with an exact version rather than semver

部分示例:

# registered package
$ bower install jquery
# GitHub shorthand
$ bower install desandro/masonry
# Git endpoint
$ bower install git://github.com/user/package.git
# URL
$ bower install http://example.com/script.js

link (包目录的符号连接)

$ bower link
$ bower link <name> [<local name>]

The link functionality allows developers to easily test their packages. Linking is a two-step process.
Using ‘bower link’ in a project folder will create a global link. Then, in some other package, bower link <name> will create a link in the components folder pointing to the previously created link.
This allows to easily test a package because changes will be reflected immediately. When the link is no longer necessary, simply remove it with bower uninstall <name>.

list (列出项目已安装的包)

list options

• -p, --paths: Generates a simple JSON source mapping
• -r, --relative: Make paths relative to the directory config property, which defaults to bower_components

lookup (根据包名查询包的URL)

$ bower lookup <name>

login (github)

$ bower login

login options

• -t, --token: Pass an existing GitHub auth token rather than prompting for username and password

prune (删除项目无关的包)

$ bower prune

register (注册一个包)

$ bower register <name> <url>

search (搜索包)

$ bower search
$ bower search <name>

update (更新项目的包)

$ bower update <name> [<name> ..] [<options>]

update options

• -F, --force-latest: Force latest version on conflict
• -p, --production: Do not install project devDependencies

uninstall (删除项目的包)

$ bower uninstall <name> [<name> ..] [<options>]

uninstall options

• -S, --save: Remove uninstalled packages from the project’s bower.json dependencies
• -D, --save-dev: Remove uninstalled packages from the project’s bower.json devDependencies

  unregister (Unregisters a package)

  $ bower bower unregister <package>

version

$ bower version [<newversion> | major | minor | patch]

Run this in a package directory to bump the version and write the new data back to the bower.json file.

更多参考：官方文档

使用

$ bower install jquery

上述命令完成以后，你会在你刚才创建的目录下看到一个bower_components的文件夹，其中目录如下：

$ tree bower_components/
bower_components/
└── jquery
    ├── README.md
    ├── bower.json
    ├── component.json
    ├── composer.json
    ├── jquery-migrate.js
    ├── jquery-migrate.min.js
    ├── jquery.js
    ├── jquery.min.js
    ├── jquery.min.map
    └── package.json

1 directory, 10 files

然后在HTML中引入文件即可

提交自己的类库

1. 生成bower.json配置文件
2. 在github创建一个资源库：js-bower
3. 本地工程绑定github, 然后push到github上

4. 注册到bower官方类库

   bower register nodejs-bower git@github.com:raomingchao/js-bower.git

5. 查询自己的包

   bower search js-bower

6. 安装自己的包

   bower install nodejs-bower